Organize, Don't Agonize: Strategic Success of Phytophthora Species.
Identifieur interne : 000092 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000091; suivant : 000093Organize, Don't Agonize: Strategic Success of Phytophthora Species.
Auteurs : Jane Chepsergon [Afrique du Sud] ; Thabiso E. Motaung [Afrique du Sud] ; Daniel Bellieny-Rabelo [Suède] ; Lucy Novungayo Moleleki [Afrique du Sud]Source :
- Microorganisms [ 2076-2607 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Plants are constantly challenged by various environmental stressors ranging from abiotic-sunlight, elevated temperatures, drought, and nutrient deficits, to biotic factors-microbial pathogens and insect pests. These not only affect the quality of harvest but also the yield, leading to substantial annual crop losses, worldwide. Although plants have a multi-layered immune system, phytopathogens such as species of the oomycete genus Phytophthora, can employ elaborate mechanisms to breach this defense. For the last two decades, researchers have focused on the co-evolution between Phytophthora and interacting hosts to decouple the mechanisms governing their molecular associations. This has provided a comprehensive understanding of the pathobiology of plants affected by oomycetes. Ultimately, this is important for the development of strategies to sustainably improve agricultural production. Therefore, this paper discusses the present-day state of knowledge of the strategic mode of operation employed by species of Phytophthora for successful infection. Specifically, we consider motility, attachment, and host cell wall degradation used by these pathogenic species to obtain nutrients from their host. Also discussed is an array of effector types from apoplastic (hydrolytic proteins, protease inhibitors, elicitins) to cytoplastic (RxLRs, named after Arginine-any amino acid-Leucine-Arginine consensus sequence and CRNs, for CRinkling and Necrosis), which upon liberation can subvert the immune response and promote diseases in plants.
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060917
PubMed: 32560346
PubMed Central: PMC7355776
Affiliations:
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Motaung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pretoria 0002</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellieny Rabelo, Daniel" sort="Bellieny Rabelo, Daniel" uniqKey="Bellieny Rabelo D" first="Daniel" last="Bellieny-Rabelo">Daniel Bellieny-Rabelo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>90187 Umeå</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moleleki, Lucy Novungayo" sort="Moleleki, Lucy Novungayo" uniqKey="Moleleki L" first="Lucy Novungayo" last="Moleleki">Lucy Novungayo Moleleki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pretoria 0002</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Microorganisms</title><idno type="ISSN">2076-2607</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Plants are constantly challenged by various environmental stressors ranging from abiotic-sunlight, elevated temperatures, drought, and nutrient deficits, to biotic factors-microbial pathogens and insect pests. These not only affect the quality of harvest but also the yield, leading to substantial annual crop losses, worldwide. Although plants have a multi-layered immune system, phytopathogens such as species of the oomycete genus <i>Phytophthora</i>, can employ elaborate mechanisms to breach this defense. For the last two decades, researchers have focused on the co-evolution between <i>Phytophthora</i> and interacting hosts to decouple the mechanisms governing their molecular associations. This has provided a comprehensive understanding of the pathobiology of plants affected by oomycetes. Ultimately, this is important for the development of strategies to sustainably improve agricultural production. Therefore, this paper discusses the present-day state of knowledge of the strategic mode of operation employed by species of <i>Phytophthora</i> for successful infection. Specifically, we consider motility, attachment, and host cell wall degradation used by these pathogenic species to obtain nutrients from their host. Also discussed is an array of effector types from apoplastic (hydrolytic proteins, protease inhibitors, elicitins) to cytoplastic (RxLRs, named after Arginine-any amino acid-Leucine-Arginine consensus sequence and CRNs, for CRinkling and Necrosis), which upon liberation can subvert the immune response and promote diseases in plants.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32560346</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>28</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2076-2607</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>8</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Jun</Month><Day>17</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Microorganisms</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Microorganisms</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Organize, Don't Agonize: Strategic Success of <i>Phytophthora</i> Species.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E917</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/microorganisms8060917</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Plants are constantly challenged by various environmental stressors ranging from abiotic-sunlight, elevated temperatures, drought, and nutrient deficits, to biotic factors-microbial pathogens and insect pests. These not only affect the quality of harvest but also the yield, leading to substantial annual crop losses, worldwide. Although plants have a multi-layered immune system, phytopathogens such as species of the oomycete genus <i>Phytophthora</i>, can employ elaborate mechanisms to breach this defense. For the last two decades, researchers have focused on the co-evolution between <i>Phytophthora</i> and interacting hosts to decouple the mechanisms governing their molecular associations. This has provided a comprehensive understanding of the pathobiology of plants affected by oomycetes. Ultimately, this is important for the development of strategies to sustainably improve agricultural production. Therefore, this paper discusses the present-day state of knowledge of the strategic mode of operation employed by species of <i>Phytophthora</i> for successful infection. Specifically, we consider motility, attachment, and host cell wall degradation used by these pathogenic species to obtain nutrients from their host. Also discussed is an array of effector types from apoplastic (hydrolytic proteins, protease inhibitors, elicitins) to cytoplastic (RxLRs, named after Arginine-any amino acid-Leucine-Arginine consensus sequence and CRNs, for CRinkling and Necrosis), which upon liberation can subvert the immune response and promote diseases in plants.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chepsergon</LastName><ForeName>Jane</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-7724-2660</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Motaung</LastName><ForeName>Thabiso E</ForeName><Initials>TE</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8813-7671</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bellieny-Rabelo</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2544-7899</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moleleki</LastName><ForeName>Lucy Novungayo</ForeName><Initials>LN</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-1003-4621</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal 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Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chepsergon, Jane" sort="Chepsergon, Jane" uniqKey="Chepsergon J" first="Jane" last="Chepsergon">Jane Chepsergon</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Moleleki, Lucy Novungayo" sort="Moleleki, Lucy Novungayo" uniqKey="Moleleki L" first="Lucy Novungayo" last="Moleleki">Lucy Novungayo Moleleki</name><name sortKey="Motaung, Thabiso E" sort="Motaung, Thabiso E" uniqKey="Motaung T" first="Thabiso E" last="Motaung">Thabiso E. 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